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Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is the most common type of irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia). It occurs when the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat in a fast, disorganized, and irregular pattern.

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SYMPTOMS

of Atrial Fibrillation

Some people with AFib may not experience symptoms, while others may notice: 

  • Heart palpitations or a racing heartbeat  
  • Fluttering or “fish flopping” sensations in the chest  
  • Fatigue or decreased energy  
  • Dizziness or lightheadedness  
  • Fainting (syncope)  
  • Shortness of breath  
  • Chest discomfort or chest pain  

Symptoms can vary from person to person and may come and go. 
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DIAGNOSIS

of Atrial Fibrillation

Your provider will review your medical history, perform a physical examination, and may recommend testing to diagnose AFib and evaluate your heart function. 

Diagnostic testing may include: 

  • Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)  
  • Blood tests  
  • Echocardiogram (Echo)  
  • Holter monitor or cardiac event monitor  
  • Implantable loop recorder (ILR)  

An implantable loop recorder is a small device placed beneath the skin that continuously monitors heart rhythm for up to three years and can help detect intermittent episodes of AFib. 
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TREATMENT

for Atrial Fibrillation

Treatment for AFib is individualized and may focus on controlling heart rate, restoring normal rhythm, reducing symptoms, and lowering stroke risk. 

Treatment options may include: 
  • Lifestyle modifications  
  • Medications  
  • Electrical cardioversion  
  • Catheter ablation procedures  
  • Implanted cardiac devices  

Lifestyle Changes 
Healthy lifestyle habits can help reduce AFib progression and improve overall heart health. 
Recommendations may include: 
  • Maintaining a healthy weight  
  • Regular physical activity  
  • Limiting alcohol consumption  
  • Avoiding tobacco products  
  • Managing stress  
  • Treating underlying conditions such as:  
  • High blood pressure  
  • Diabetes  
  • Obesity  
  • Obstructive sleep apnea  

Medications 
Your provider may prescribe medications to: 
  • Control heart rate  
  • Maintain normal heart rhythm  
  • Reduce the risk of blood clots and stroke  
  • Medication plans may change over time depending on symptoms and response to treatment. 

Electrical Cardioversion 
Electrical cardioversion is a procedure used to restore a normal heart rhythm. During the procedure: 
  • You receive mild sedation or anesthesia.  
  • A controlled electrical shock is delivered through pads placed on the chest.  
  • The shock helps reset the heart’s electrical system back into a normal rhythm.  

AFib Ablation Procedures 
  • Pulmonary Vein Isolation (PVI): Pulmonary vein isolation is one of the most common ablation procedures for AFib. Using catheters and advanced mapping technology, areas causing abnormal electrical signals near the pulmonary veins are treated to restore normal rhythm. 
  • AV Node Ablation with Pacemaker: In some cases, the AV node is intentionally treated to block abnormal signals between the upper and lower chambers of the heart. A permanent pacemaker is then implanted to maintain a regular heartbeat. 
  • Pulsed Field Ablation (PFA): Pulsed field ablation is a newer treatment that uses controlled electrical pulses rather than heat or freezing to target abnormal heart tissue responsible for AFib. 

Your electrophysiologist will determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on your symptoms, type of AFib, medical history, and overall heart health. 
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Disclaimer 
Symptoms, diagnostic testing, and treatment options vary by individual. Please consult your healthcare provider for personalized medical advice. 
Sources 
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