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Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of cholesterol, plaque, and inflammation. Over time, this reduced blood flow can weaken the heart and increase the risk of chest pain, heart attack, and other cardiovascular complications.
SYMPTOMS
of Coronary Artery Disease
Symptoms of coronary artery disease often develop gradually as plaque buildup reduces blood flow to the heart. Common symptoms may include:
Chest pain or pressure (angina)
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Pain that may radiate to the arms, neck, jaw, shoulder, or back
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Some patients may have little to no symptoms until a significant blockage or cardiac event occurs.


DIAGNOSIS
of Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic testing. Testing may include:
Blood tests
Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG)
Echocardiogram
Exercise or pharmacologic stress testing
Computed tomography (CT) scan
Coronary angiography or cardiac catheterization
Your provider will determine which tests are most appropriate based on your symptoms and risk factors.

TREATMENT
for Coronary Artery Disease
Treatment for coronary artery disease focuses on improving blood flow, reducing symptoms, and lowering the risk of future cardiac events.
Lifestyle Changes
Quitting smoking
Following a heart-healthy diet
Exercising regularly
Managing stress
Maintaining a healthy weight
Medications
Medications to lower blood pressure
Cholesterol-lowering medications
Medications to reduce the risk of blood clots
Medications to improve blood flow and reduce chest pain
Procedures
Some patients may require minimally invasive or interventional procedures, including:
Coronary angiography
Cardiac catheterization
Balloon angioplasty
Coronary stent placement
Your cardiologist will develop a personalized treatment plan based on the severity of disease and your overall cardiovascular health.
Disclaimer
Symptoms, diagnostic testing, and treatment options vary by individual. Please consult your healthcare provider for personalized medical advice.
Sources
American Heart Association. (n.d.). Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Retrieved from https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/what-is-cardiovascular-disease/coronary-artery-disease
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). About Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/coronary-artery-disease.html
Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Coronary Artery Disease: Symptoms and Causes. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease
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