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Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of cholesterol, plaque, and inflammation. Over time, this reduced blood flow can weaken the heart and increase the risk of chest pain, heart attack, and other cardiovascular complications.

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SYMPTOMS

of Coronary Artery Disease

Symptoms of coronary artery disease often develop gradually as plaque buildup reduces blood flow to the heart. Common symptoms may include: 

  • Chest pain or pressure (angina)  
  • Shortness of breath  
  • Fatigue  
  • Pain that may radiate to the arms, neck, jaw, shoulder, or back  
  • Dizziness or lightheadedness  

Some patients may have little to no symptoms until a significant blockage or cardiac event occurs. 
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DIAGNOSIS

of Coronary Artery Disease


Coronary artery disease is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic testing. Testing may include: 

  • Blood tests 
  • Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG) 
  • Echocardiogram 
  • Exercise or pharmacologic stress testing 
  • Computed tomography (CT) scan 
  • Coronary angiography or cardiac catheterization 

Your provider will determine which tests are most appropriate based on your symptoms and risk factors. 
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TREATMENT

for Coronary Artery Disease

Treatment for coronary artery disease focuses on improving blood flow, reducing symptoms, and lowering the risk of future cardiac events. 

Lifestyle Changes 
  • Quitting smoking 
  • Following a heart-healthy diet 
  • Exercising regularly 
  • Managing stress 
  • Maintaining a healthy weight 

Medications 
  • Medications to lower blood pressure 
  • Cholesterol-lowering medications 
  • Medications to reduce the risk of blood clots 
  • Medications to improve blood flow and reduce chest pain 

Procedures 
Some patients may require minimally invasive or interventional procedures, including: 
  • Coronary angiography 
  • Cardiac catheterization 
  • Balloon angioplasty 
  • Coronary stent placement 

Your cardiologist will develop a personalized treatment plan based on the severity of disease and your overall cardiovascular health. 
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Disclaimer
Symptoms, diagnostic testing, and treatment options vary by individual. Please consult your healthcare provider for personalized medical advice. 
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