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Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an enlargement or bulging of the abdominal aorta, the body’s largest artery, which carries blood from the heart to the lower body and legs. Over time, weakening of the artery wall can cause the aorta to enlarge.

Most abdominal aortic aneurysms develop slowly and may not cause symptoms. However, as the aneurysm grows, the risk of rupture increases, which can become a life-threatening emergency.

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SYMPTOMS

of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Many abdominal aortic aneurysms do not cause symptoms and are often discovered during imaging performed for another reason. 
When symptoms do occur, they may include: 
  • Deep, steady pain in the abdomen or lower back 
  • Pain in the groin, pelvis, or legs 
  • A pulsating sensation in the abdomen that may feel like a heartbeat 

A ruptured aneurysm is a medical emergency and may cause sudden severe pain, dizziness, low blood pressure, or loss of consciousness. 
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DIAGNOSIS

of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Because AAAs are often silent, imaging studies are commonly used to diagnose and monitor the condition. 
Diagnostic testing may include: 
  • Abdominal ultrasound 
  • CT scan (computed tomography) 
  • CT angiography in select cases 

These tests help determine the size, location, and growth rate of the aneurysm. 
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TREATMENT

of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
 
Treatment depends largely on the size of the aneurysm, its rate of growth, symptoms, and overall risk of rupture. 

Surveillance 
Small aneurysms may not require immediate surgery and are often monitored closely with routine imaging. 
Surveillance is commonly recommended when: 
  • The aneurysm measures less than 5.5 cm in men 
  • The aneurysm measures less than 5.0 cm in women 
  • The aneurysm is not causing symptoms 
Your provider may recommend periodic ultrasound or CT imaging to monitor for enlargement over time. 

Lifestyle Changes and Medical Management 
Although lifestyle changes and medications do not shrink an aneurysm, they may help slow progression and reduce cardiovascular risk. 
  • Recommendations may include: 
  • Stopping all tobacco use 
  • Following a heart-healthy diet 
  • Exercising regularly as advised 
  • Managing blood pressure and cholesterol 
  • Taking prescribed medications for cardiovascular risk reduction 

Surgical Treatment 
Surgical repair may be recommended if: 
  • The aneurysm becomes large 
  • The aneurysm grows rapidly 
  • Symptoms develop 
  • There are signs of leakage or rupture 

Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) 
EVAR is a minimally invasive procedure commonly used to treat AAA. A catheter is inserted through the groin, and a stent graft is placed inside the aneurysm to reinforce the weakened portion of the aorta and reduce the risk of rupture. 
Patients who undergo EVAR require routine follow-up imaging to monitor the repair. 

Open Surgical Repair 
Open surgery involves replacing the weakened section of the aorta with a surgical graft. This procedure may be recommended depending on the aneurysm anatomy and overall patient health. 
Your vascular specialist will determine the most appropriate treatment approach based on the size and location of the aneurysm, your symptoms, and your overall health. 
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Disclaimer 
Symptoms, diagnostic testing, and treatment options vary by individual. Please consult your healthcare provider for personalized medical advice. 
Sources 
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