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Carotid Artery Disease
Carotid artery disease occurs when the carotid arteries, the major blood vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the brain, become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup inside the artery walls. This buildup, known as atherosclerosis, can reduce blood flow to the brain and increase the risk of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke.
The carotid arteries are located on each side of the neck and play a critical role in supplying blood to the brain.
SYMPTOMS
of Carotid Artery Disease
Many patients with carotid artery disease do not experience symptoms until the narrowing becomes severe or blood flow to the brain is significantly reduced.
Symptoms of a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke may include:
Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body
Drooping on one side of the face
Slurred speech or difficulty speaking
Sudden vision loss or blurred vision in one eye
Difficulty understanding speech
Sudden dizziness or loss of balance
A TIA is sometimes called a “mini-stroke” and should be treated as a medical emergency because it may be a warning sign of an impending stroke.

DIAGNOSIS
of Carotid Artery Disease
Diagnosis begins with a review of your medical history, risk factors, and a physical examination. Your provider may listen for abnormal blood flow sounds (bruits) in the neck and order imaging studies to evaluate the carotid arteries.
Diagnostic testing may include:
Carotid ultrasound
CT angiography (CTA)
MR angiography (MRA)
Catheter-based angiography
These tests help determine the severity of blockage and guide treatment recommendations.


TREATMENT
for Carotid Artery Disease
Treatment for carotid artery disease focuses on reducing stroke risk, improving blood flow, and slowing the progression of atherosclerosis.
Lifestyle Changes
Lifestyle modifications are an important part of treatment and may include:
Following a heart-healthy diet
Exercising regularly
Controlling blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes
Quitting smoking
Maintaining a healthy weight
Medications
Medications may be prescribed to:
Lower cholesterol
Control blood pressure
Reduce the risk of blood clots
Manage diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors
Procedures and Surgery
For more severe narrowing or patients experiencing symptoms such as TIA or stroke, additional treatment may be recommended.
Common Procedures Include:
Carotid Endarterectomy
A surgical procedure in which plaque is removed directly from the carotid artery through an incision in the neck.
Carotid Artery Stenting
A minimally invasive procedure in which a stent is placed inside the artery to improve blood flow and help keep the artery open.
A vascular surgeon or vascular specialist will determine the most appropriate treatment based on the severity of disease, symptoms, and overall health of the patient.
Disclaimer
Symptoms, diagnostic testing, and treatment options vary by individual. Please consult your healthcare provider for personalized medical advice.
Sources
American Heart Association. (n.d.). Carotid Artery Disease. Retrieved from https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/what-is-cardiovascular-disease/carotid-artery-disease
Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Carotid Artery Disease: Symptoms and Causes. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/carotid-artery-disease
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