top of page

Renal Artery Disease
Renal artery disease, also known as renal artery stenosis, occurs when one or both of the arteries that supply blood to the kidneys become narrowed or hardened due to plaque buildup (atherosclerosis). This reduced blood flow can prevent the kidneys from receiving enough oxygen-rich blood to function properly.
Because the kidneys play a key role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance, reduced blood flow can contribute to worsening or difficult-to-control hypertension and may eventually affect kidney function.
SYMPTOMS
for Renal Artery Disease
Most people with renal artery stenosis do not experience noticeable symptoms, especially in the early stages. Instead, the condition is often discovered during evaluation for high blood pressure or reduced kidney function.
Common findings associated with renal artery disease include:
High blood pressure that is difficult to control or worsens suddenly
Declining kidney function on lab testing
A “whooshing” sound (bruit) heard over the abdomen during physical examination
When symptoms do occur, they are usually related to severe high blood pressure or decreased kidney function and may include:
Severe headaches
Blurred vision
Confusion
Fatigue or weakness
Swelling in the legs or body
Loss of appetite
Itchy skin

DIAGNOSIS
of Renal Artery Stenosis
Renal artery stenosis is often identified during evaluation of high blood pressure or kidney disease. Diagnostic testing may include:
Blood and urine tests to assess kidney function
Renal ultrasound
CT angiography (CTA)
Renal arteriography (catheter-based imaging of the renal arteries)
These tests help evaluate blood flow to the kidneys and identify any narrowing or blockage.


TREATMENT
for Renal Artery Disease
Treatment depends on the severity of the narrowing, symptoms, and overall kidney function. Some patients with mild disease may not require immediate intervention and are managed with monitoring and medical therapy.
Lifestyle Changes
Lifestyle modifications may help improve blood pressure control and support kidney and cardiovascular health:
Reducing sodium intake
Eating a heart-healthy diet
Regular physical activity
Maintaining a healthy weight
Avoiding tobacco use
Medications
Medications are often the first-line treatment to control blood pressure and reduce cardiovascular risk. These may include:
ACE inhibitors or ARBs
Diuretics (“water pills”)
Calcium channel blockers
Beta blockers or alpha-beta blockers
Cholesterol-lowering medications and aspirin when appropriate
Medication plans are individualized and may require adjustment over time.
Procedures
In some cases, a minimally invasive procedure called renal artery angioplasty may be recommended to improve blood flow to the kidneys. During this procedure, a small balloon is used to open the narrowed artery, and a stent may be placed to help keep it open.
This treatment is typically considered when blood pressure remains uncontrolled despite medications, kidney function is declining, or symptoms such as fluid retention or heart failure are present.
Your vascular or cardiovascular specialist will determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on the severity of disease and your overall health.
Disclaimer
Symptoms, diagnostic testing, and treatment options vary by individual. Please consult your healthcare provider for personalized medical advice.
Sources
Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Renal artery stenosis: Symptoms and causes. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/renal-artery-stenosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352777
Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Renal Artery Stenosis. Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16494-renal-artery-stenosis
bottom of page
