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Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) occurs when the veins in the legs are unable to properly return blood back to the heart. Normally, small valves inside the veins help blood flow upward against gravity. When these valves become damaged or weakened, blood can flow backward and pool in the legs.

Over time, this increased pressure in the veins can lead to swelling, pain, varicose veins, skin discoloration, and leg ulcers.

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SYMPTOMS

of Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency can range from mild discomfort to more advanced skin changes and ulcers. Common symptoms include: 
  • Aching, tired, or heavy legs  
  • Leg swelling, especially after prolonged standing  
  • Cramping in the legs, particularly at night  
  • Burning, tingling, or “pins and needles” sensations  
  • Varicose veins  
  • Itching or flaky skin on the legs  
  • Skin discoloration, often reddish-brown in color  
  • Thickened or leathery skin  
  • Open sores or ulcers, most commonly near the ankles  

Symptoms often worsen throughout the day and may improve with leg elevation. 
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DIAGNOSIS

of Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Chronic venous insufficiency is typically diagnosed through physical examination and vascular ultrasound imaging. 
During your evaluation, your provider may: 
  • Examine your legs for swelling, skin changes, varicose veins, or ulcers  
  • Review your symptoms and medical history  
  • Perform a vascular ultrasound to evaluate blood flow and identify damaged veins or malfunctioning valves  

Ultrasound imaging is painless and helps determine the severity of venous disease and the best treatment approach. 
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TREATMENT

for Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Treatment for chronic venous insufficiency focuses on improving blood flow, reducing symptoms, and preventing complications. Your treatment plan will depend on the severity of disease and your overall health. 

Lifestyle Changes 
Conservative treatment is often recommended first and may include: 
  • Leg elevation  
  • Regular exercise and walking  
  • Weight management  
  • Avoiding prolonged standing or sitting  

Compression Therapy 
Compression stockings or wraps help improve circulation and reduce swelling and discomfort in the legs. Your provider may recommend different levels of compression depending on your condition. 

Minimally Invasive Vein Treatments 
If symptoms persist despite conservative treatment, additional procedures may be recommended, including: 
Vein Procedures: 
  • Vein Ablations 
    • Venaseal™  
    • Varithena®  
    • Sclerotherapy  
    • Radiofrequency ablation  
  • Venography 
  • Phlebectomy  

These minimally invasive treatments are designed to close or remove damaged veins and improve circulation. 
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Disclaimer 
Symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic testing, and treatment options vary by individual. Please consult your healthcare provider for personalized medical advice. 
Sources 
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